Xanthine, Uric Acid & Hypoxanthine Analyzed with LCMS – AppNote

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ARTICLES, APPNOTES, FAQ (9292)
- AppNotes Library (1888)
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May 10, 2012
Bill Ciccone

AppNotes ANP/HILIC Methods / AppNotes Cogent Diamond Hydride / AppNotes Library / AppNotes Metabolites / ARTICLES, APPNOTES, FAQ

Separation of Biomarkers found in Human Fluids

A simple Method was developed for the determination of Xanthine (X), Uric Acid (UA), and Hypoxanthine (HX) at concentrations in human urine (can be used for human serum) to support pharmacodynamic (PD) studies of a novel Xanthine Oxidase inhibitor during its clinical development.

PD Biomarkers (UA, X, and HX) were well separated from each other. In addition Xanthine was separated from two isobaric unknowns (unknown A and B) present in this particular urine sample. Current HPLC Methods for UA / X / HX measurements suffer from low Sensitivity, poor Selectivity, and/or inefficient sample throughput. The developed method is Fast and Sensitive and it will allow high sample throughput.

Peaks:
1. Xanthine (X) 153.04070 m/z
2. Uric Acid (UA) 169.03560 m/z
Unknown A 153.06080 m/z
3. Hypoxanthine (HX) 137.04580 m/z
Unknown B 153.06606 m/z

Method Conditions
Column: Cogent Diamond Hydride™, 4µm, 100Å
Catalog No.: 70000-10P-2
Dimensions: 2.1 x 100mm
Mobile Phase:
—A: DI Water / 0.1% Formic Acid
—B: Acetonitrile / 0.1% Formic Acid
Gradient:

Time (minutes)	%B
0	95
0.2	95
8	80
9	80
10	50
12	50

Post Time: 5 minutes
Flow rate: 0.4mL / minute
Detection: ESI – pos – Agilent 6210 MSD TOF Mass Spectrometer.
Sample Preparation: 400µL of Acetonitrile was added to 100µL of human urine and sample was centrifuged (3000 g). Next, 20µL of the supernatant was mixed with 10µL of the 50:50 Acetonitrile / DI Water / 0.1% Formic Acid

Notes: Xanthine Oxidase, an enzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of Hypoxanthine (HX) to Xanthine (X) to Uric Acid (UA) can be inhibited by allopurinol and other drugs. Uric acid lowering drugs are used in the treatment of gout and the prevention of tumor lysis syndrome. High concentrations of UA in blood (hyperuricemia) cause deposition of urate crystals, which could ultimately result in chronic joint inflammation and renal impairment. The determination of UA has been one of the tests in the clinical chemistry laboratory performed for patient diagnosis of gout.

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